Rate of Vaporization Design Lab Essay

How does changing the surface area of a sample of water affect the time taken for the water to boil? Background: By changing the containers of the water, the surface area of the water is thus being modified as the same volume of water is spread out over smaller or larger surfaces. The measure being compared is the time each sample of water will take before it reaches the boiling point, 100 CÂ °. The relationship between the surface area and this amount of time will be determined by comparing the circular area of each container to the time. The independent variable manipulated in this lab is surface area, which will be varied by filling the water into different sized containers. The dependent variable being measured is the time taken to boil in seconds. This will therein tell us the rate of boiling, a measure of the rate of vaporization. Variables that must be controlled while performing this experiment include the temperature of the water and the volume of the water. Materials: – petri dish – test tube – 80 mL beaker – 300 mL beaker – graduated cylinder – 5 50 mL samples of distilled water – Bunsen burner – metal ring stand – thermometer – stopwatch Method 1. Measure in cm the radius of each the petri dish, test tube, graduated cylinder, and two beakers. Calculate the area of each. 2. Pour 50 mL of distilled water into petri dish. Repeat for test tube, graduated cylinder, 80 and 300 mL beakers. 3. Set up Bunsen burner and metal ring stand. Place petri dish with distilled water on metal ring stand. Place thermometer in petri dish. 4. Turn on gas / Bunsen burner. Start stopwatch. 5. Measure with stopwatch the time it takes until the thermometer reads 100Â ° C (boiling point of water). Record this time. 6. Repeat steps 1 – 5 four more times. 7. Repeat above procedure using the test tube, graduated cylinder, and two beakers.

The Importance of Benchmarking in Strategic Management

The Fortune's list of 100 best companies to work for is a source of prestige to companies that are nominated by their employees as the best companies to work for. The Container Store which is a Dallas-based retail store emerged number 32 in the recently released 2009 Fortune list. One department to reckon with at Container Store is the human resource management which earned the company a position in the Fortune 100 best companies to work for in America. But just what is Container Store's approach to human resource management?This paper seeks to answer this question and offers conclusions about the human resource management approach used by the company. Analysis Container Store makes use of a flexible human resource structure. Their rules on employees are simple and flexible and the concept of a rulebook or manual for employees is not their way of managing people (Laabs, 2001). The company is interested in people's ability to be straight forward and eager to counter different situatio ns with flexibility and creativity.Unlike in the traditional HR system, Container Store makes use of managers and supervisors to promote motivation and staff retention since they are more closer to the employees (Laabs, 2001). There is great interaction between employees and managers in order to create freedom of expression. Even the founders Kip and Garret still frequent the store to interact with employees and help them out (Container Store, 2009).The company's employee development philosophy focuses on employee's talents and not titles letting employees make the best use of their abilities to benefit themselves and the company. Container Store puts great value on employees describing them as the greatest assets in the organization. Motivation and an enthusiastic environment are the factors that give its employees the desire to stay with the company for years (Container Store, 2009). Career development and training ensure well qualified staff for the company which is very keen on customer care.For motivation, great benefits for their employees including exceptional training, job security and attractive pay package are provided. A 40% discount on the company's merchandise, 401(k) retirement benefits, medical and dental plans for employees both full-time and part-time provide even more benefits for the employees (Container Store, 2009). From the above analysis, we can conclude that the human resource management at Container Store is employee oriented. It allows flexibility and is democratic in nature.More so it values success and the management recognizes that the employees are key to achieving this. Container Store is also keen on its employee's welfare and health. This kind of management style brings in positive outcomes in a company since the employees will often feel as contributors to the business growth. According to the vice president of operations, Beth Barret, flexibility gives employees a chance to participate in company decision making (Laabs, 2001) .This gives a sense of responsibility and is better off than using autocratic kind of management system. Allowing employees to be flexible rather than follow a certain set of laws is a motivating factor and plays a big role in defining productivity of employees. Container Store's dedication to employee motivation is a good quality in the human resource management which is aimed at encouraging employee commitment to the company. Employee benefits are a good way of not only retaining employees but also motivation which promotes productivity. ConclusionFlexibility and staff involvement in the business activities are emphasized as the key contributors of Container Store's success. The qualities of the human resource management approach used by Container Store gives a justification for why the employees nominated it as the best company to work with. Word Count: 606 References Container Store (2009). Careers for Great People. Retrieved on April 27, 2009 from www. containerstore. com Laabs , J. K. (2001). Thinking Outside the Box at The Container Store – Human Resource Management Awards. Workforce, March Issue.

Communication strategy using technology Assignment

Communication strategy using technology - Assignment Example Sispes is a web based program which keeps communication processes and knowledge management according to a personalized workflow management system. This system can only be improved or modified by a few licensed practical nurses, physiotherapists, doctors and administrative officers. These few people only have the access to the information about the services available to every particular guest. The residence for elderly is not an exception is not an exception in such a case. They have got a role in the inter-organizational networks like the industrial districts and knowledge networks (Hamel and Prahalad, 1990). They have opened their virtual value chain to other companies, and are outsourcing their non-principal services, and ultimately have specialized their key tasks that are nursing, restaurant services, medical and physiotherapeutic. And hence they have to organize various units and few of them are units of the firm and some units are of other companies. Sispes directs almost all of the data flow between administrative, sanitary, entertainment and socio-assistance sections. It is designed by an Enterprise Knowledge Portal which allows the exceptional access point to collective information. Data can only be acquired through authentic procedure. It also allows workers to manage group policies, share documents, convey messages and start forums. Lastly it allows a complicated system of document management and workflow allowing the users to attach and reclaim data from the firm archives. Sispes is concentrated on the residence’s guests and manages all the data by each unit according to the guest’s needs and not according to the matter of interest of that particular unit. Hence all of the units help in the management of the guest’s information according to some preset channels of communication. The user acquires the data through the authentic process and observes the relevant

Qualitative Annotated Bibliography Research Paper

Qualitative Annotated Bibliography - Research Paper Example According to the authors, these three were listed as the most common adverse events that occur in the intensive care unit. They suggest that to prevent the occurrence of these complications, it is important that the nurses implement evidence-based practice while handling critically ill patients. The study adopted a qualitative focus group study involving thirty-four nurses who practiced in the intensive care unit. The participants were groups into eight focus groups after which the obtained data was analyzed using thematic analyses. The study is significant to the topic because it explores the reasons why ventilator-associated pneumonia and other complications are still a menace in the hospital, despite the presence of evidence-based guidelines. However, the study has the shortcoming of generalizability of the results since it was performed in only one hospital. The authors conclude that hospitals should enhance the knowledge of nurses, and improve their attitudes towards adopting guidelines in the prevention of ICU complications. In addition, critical care nurses should be empowered to make changes in nursing practice so that medical interventions reflect the latest evidence in literature. The study is relevant to my role option because it highlights some of the challenges faced by ICU nurses in prevention of complications, including ventilator-associated pneumonia. It also proposes ways in which the situation can be improved, adding to the knowledge I already possess in the area. Qu, X., Xie, H., Zhang, Q., Zhou, X., & Shi, Z. (2014). A survey on oral care practices for ventilator†assisted patients in intensive care units in 3A hospitals of mainland China. International journal of nursing practice. The chief aim of the study was to explore the status of oral healthcare practices, attitudes, education and knowledge of the nurses caring for ventilator-assisted patients in the intensive care units of hospitals in mainland China. To achieve this objective,

Landscape Architecture Semester Project Term Paper - 2

Landscape Architecture Semester Project - Term Paper Example The fact that after the great earthquake, experienced and advanced land design firms were required in coming up with a unique Embarcadero Boulevard project, I put a lot of trust in Embarcadero Boulevard as my precedent project. The Embarcadero Boulevard project has unique components that can guide me in including more ideas into my proposed project. One of the components is its unique functions. It promotes a working waterfront; a diversity of activities such as bars and restaurants; access along and to the waterfront; and also promotes a revitalized port in the ferry terminal. In addition, Embarcadero Boulevard has promoted local and international tourism by acting as a tourism destination. The other component is its spatial features. The Embarcadero Boulevard is developed to be a multi-use structure connecting south waterfront with the northeast waterfront of San Francisco. It has a number of anchor points. The first one is the south beach which provide neighborhood for housing, ba seball field and among others. The second one is Rincon hill which provide public art features along the waterfront. The next one is the ferry building that promotes market activities. The other one is the gap headquarters which provide a strong San Francisco home identity for international retail business. The last one is the historic piers for retail and office purposes. This contributes a lot in my idea of spatial requirements when undertaking my project. In addition, I should choose an appropriate space that allows people to interact with my structure that is being proposed. The waterfront is located on the southern part of New York City. It covers approximately 320 acres of land that touches the Lake Ontario. The site has for sometimes being bare and being misused as a dumping site for solid materials. However, the geographical location of the site is

Discussion Board 3-2 Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Discussion Board 3-2 - Research Paper Example This is usually observable even to layman and does not require deep thinking or analysis of the criteria or the process. A test may have low face validity if the structure or outward organization fails to relate to the intended purpose of the test. Face validity is very important since it gives test takers and test users substantial confidence over and increase reliability of a test. Cohen, Swerdlik and Sturnam (2013) reassure that lack of face validity in a test does not discredit relevance or usefulness of the given test. Content validity describes the extent or adequacy of a test covers or samples behaviours or elements that represent a collection of behaviours that the design of a test intended to measure. For a test to have content validity, it must prove to sample or cover part of elements or characteristics of a given item under test. Cohen, Swerdlik and Sturnam (2013) report that content validity is widely important in employment. Test to determine content validity of a given employee analyzes and evaluates skills and behaviour of a given employee with relation to the skills and knowledge desired for a given job

Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN) v's Associated of Science in Essay

Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN) v's Associated of Science in Nursing - Essay Example A four years degree programme popularly known as Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN) is ideal professional to Associate degree that takes two years. Simultaneous shortage of nurses creates problems to any county’s health care needs. In most case nurses shortage is attributed by slow growth in the number of registered nurses, enrollment rate in nursing schools is slow to meet the demand of the increase in population, inadequate faculties and frustrations nurses go through that make them to leave their professions (Maria, C. 2008) Â   The Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN) take four years of studying science and ethics of nursing, it is mainly offered by a university or likewise qualified school. Nevertheless, one is entitled to sit for the National Council Licensure Exam (NCLEX).This examination council come up with certified examination for two and a half years of additional nursing and liberal arts curriculum before he or she becomes a recognized nurse after graduating from either Associate’s Degree (ADN) or from a four-year nursing program with a BSN, the BSN trains nurses for a certified role away from the coursework in nursing science, research and leadership (Lewallen et al 2003) BSN syllabus is familiar among working nurses. The Bachelor of Science in nursing helps students with no previous understanding in nursing to obtain licenses and offers registered nurses an opportunity to grow careers wise. Core curriculum in BSN entails liberal arts requirements and more advanced topics related to nursing, including education, management and administration. The associate nursing is popular as compared to BSN, but on the other hand the BSN programme gives career resourcefulness and offers a broad familiarity of nursing theory. That is to say a nurse with BSN has numerous alternatives such as performing different specialties related to nursing many

CASE STUDY ANALYSIS Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

ANALYSIS - Case Study Example 126). In this case study, they include the management of the Plasterboard Company as well as that of the company that has been sub contracted for transport. Apathetic stakeholders are the ones responsible for monitoring the activities that are being undertaken and in this case the NGO that is advocating for Plasterboard Company to change its operations or be denied the right to work in this area is in this category (Kogut, 2012, p. 56). The defenders in this situation are the people who work in the mines and who may lose their jobs in the event that the company cannot continue carrying out its activities in this area (Aartsengel and Kurtoglu, 2013, p. 41). An ethical dilemma is a complicated state of affairs that most often than not involves an actual mental conflict between moral imperatives whereby obeying one will mean another is disobeyed (Harman, 2006, p. 152). In relation to this case study, an ethical dilemma will arise if the quarry operations are closed. This is because the people who work at the quarry will no longer have a source of employment and this will make their lives considerably difficult. On the other hand, if the quarry remains open, there is the risk of accidents associated with the trucks that pass through the town and also the rocks after they have blown. The disturbance that is caused by the trucks and the vibrations which amount to pollution will also continue. Another ethical dilemma can be identified in the plant operations since if the plant is closed; there is the danger of two hundred people losing a source of livelihood which will be bad for the town’s economy. Keeping it open means that the dangers associated with it will continue to haunt the population of the town. There may be a danger of the chemicals spilling and contaminating the environment as well as the groundwater in the soil that is used in the town. The noise and vibrations from the plant is also a nuisance even

Native Americans in the United States and Pocahontas Life Essay Example for Free

Native Americans in the United States and Pocahontas Life Essay This book was the bases and the most informative piece I have seen on a review of Pocahontas life in my perspective. Pocahontas life is a difficult piece of history to analysis for the fact that her life is only denoted by other persons of history writings. She has no known piece of writing of her own so all knowledge is personal based of outside parties. This makes it for sometimes difficult to truly believe everything for many of the views were from white men during a time period where they had not seen many females weren’t around. I believe the author thesis of the book for the Pocahontas part was her involvement with the English and her growth throughout her life. The other thesis of the book from the Powhatan side was there involvement with the English as well and there plan to use the culture but at the same time push them away. Within the first five chapter of Pocahontas and the Powhatan Dilemma it gives you a base review of history. This first part of the book it explains the culture of the Powhatan and how they are laid out. At this point in the book within the first chapter we find out that Pocahontas is only 9 years of age and her mother is nowhere to be found, but her father is Powhatan the chief of many native people and villages. It talks about the arrival of English in 1603 and we learn that many ships have come before us truly being to talk about John Smith and Jamestown. It also mention the arrival of Don Luis and the Spanish, but doesn’t get into much detail he just seems to pop up with the first few chapters her and there. We learn that Pocahontas name means â€Å"mischief† or the â€Å"little playful one. † The author tells us that the native were not completely different from the Europeans just simply behind the times. We also learn that within the native culture of the Powhatan that there chiefs do not come from the next up son, but from marriage of the daughters. We also learn that the Europeans felt that the women of the tribes need to be saved due to their work in the fields and other jobs around the village. It speaks of the native’s religion of their belief in spirits within everything. John Smith comes into play in 1606 when the English begin to prepare for the Virginia campaign. What I learn from John Smith was that he was a captain that has been captured a lot and has numerous stories of being saved by women that fall lustful in love with. As kids watching films and stories we are told of Pocahontas is her and John Smith fall in love, but at the time of them meeting Pocahontas would’ve been ten years of age. The plans of the English and John Smith was to: improve native culture, use the land properly, get there before the Spanish, and bring English enlighten, and a place to send the unemployed English. One of the main fears that I read about in the reading was the fear of the English to become like the Indians. The term we learned in class for this is recolonization. After the landing John Smith gets taken by the Powhatan and convince them not to kill him by way of trade. He promises them weapons which out of smarts gives them a cannon which cannot be moved. Both the native and the English realize the need of each. Without one another the English could not survive without food and the natives want weapons or easier put there technology. Over time many English were sent to live with natives to learn their culture and a native would be sent with the English. The most notable was Pocahontas herself was sent with the English to learn their language and lifestyle. The book talks of Pocahontas marriage first to a native warrior, but it fails to mention what happens to him. She later marries John Rolfe an English man who experience much of the reverse colonization. Before her marriage though Pocahontas was kidnapped one of the main characters they looked over her kidnapping was Sir Thomas Dale who was the first Marshall of Virginia. Pocahontas would declare herself a Christian in 1616 and then start her life with John. They would build a log on the land John was granted from the Virginia Company. They would have two children together in their lifetime. Shortly after being settled in there Pocahontas would go to London and experience true English culture. Pocahontas would become very ill around the time the Rolfe family was ready to head back to Virginia. Pocahontas died on March 21, 1617 in the Rolfe inn. What I learned from this book that for someone of her time period and of native culture Pocahontas got to see much more than any Native American of her time period for sure. I learned that much of what we were taught or told of her in are childhood was wrong. I learned that john smith stories could not be trusted. The feeling I receive as well is Pocahontas rejected her culture and tribe, but in return was probably rejected in a way due to her mother situation. Though she might have be royal in a way just from some of the information I read. The book was good though and I enjoyed the insist of Pocahontas life.

Frankenstein and Blade Runner Essay Example for Free

Frankenstein and Blade Runner Essay Frankenstein and blade runner essay Which text do you feel better represents the values of the composer? You must refer to both texts in detail Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein and Ridley Scott’s Blade Runner are two texts from different centuries, but they both share the same values, themes and issues including; the natural world, scientific advancement, morality of humans and responsibility. Both texts use a variety of techniques to represent their values, themes and issues. The techniques used in both texts are reflective of their context and are able to strongly represent the values of both Frankenstein and Blade Runner. Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein was written in 1818. This was a period where romanticism was developing, a time which focused on the sublimity of nature and on the individual. This theme is evident throughout the novel and is used to emphasise the emotions of the characters and to suggest the power of nature for both beauty and destruction. Shelley often uses the sublimity of nature as an invigorating device for victor, â€Å"when happy, inanimate nature had the power of bestowing on me the most delightful sensations. A serene sky and verdant fields filled me with ecstasy. The present season was indeed divine; the flowers of spring bloomed in the hedges, while those of summer were already in bud. † Vivid imagery is used here to illuminate the peacefulness and contemplation of the sublime nature that is constantly surrounding victor. Shelley has also illustrated this notion further by the use of alliteration, â€Å"serene sky†, to capture how perfect the world is at that time, which reinforces the peacefulness of nature and how victor feels when he is surrounded by the natural world. Ridley Scott’s Blade Runner is set in a corrupted 21st century world. Similarly to Frankenstein, the natural world is evident but in Blade Runner it is seen as the unnatural world. In the first panoramic shot, the audience sees a destroyed world, a dark industrial urban wasteland which is heavily polluted. Visual irony is created here as it is meant to be Los Angeles, which means â€Å"city of angels†, but we see that it looks more like hell. We see that nature has been destroyed. Animals are rare and are presumed extinct, although the unicorn is seen as a natural creature in a natural setting. The unicorn symbolises the ambiguity of hope, freedom and spirit. There is no sign of any trees or plants except for a miniature Bonsai tree symbolising mans inherent desire to control nature to conform to what humanity believes is a better version. We also see constant darkness and rain, which is known as film noir and are the only aspects the audience sees when in an outside scene. The panoramic shot and film noir speculate the natural is now off world, that there is nothing natural, which creates a post apocalyptic tone. Shelley’s world was moving forward into the direction of industrialisation, exploration and scientific research. This is conveyed through characters such as Victor, Walton and Clerval who are all searching, exploring and attempting to make a discovery. We see in the start of the book Victor has an interest for natural philosophy, â€Å"natural philosophy is the genius that has regulated my fate. † The use of personification suggests that natural philosophy is a person that Victor idolises and wants to know everything he possibly can about it causing his interest to turn into an obsession. i became dizzy with immensity of the prospect which it illustrated, as surprised, that among so many men of genius who had directed their enquiries towards the same science, that i alone should be reserved to discover so astonishing a secret. † This quote establishes that Victor is intelligent and is able to intellectually break barriers beyond those that have ever been broken an d discover the source of life. Hence, now being able to create his ‘monster’. Similarly in Scott’s film we see that 21st century L. A is all about scientific activity and advancements in technology. It is a world based on commerce, as we can see throughout the entire film through the blimp that promotes going off world and big wall signs i. e. the Asian lady taking pills. Technology is also used to detect what is and isn’t human i. e. the Voight Komph test. Disembodied voices are used on the street i. e. when crossing roads it says â€Å"walk† and â€Å"don’t walk†. All these aspects of technology are a way of controlling the population of L. A. Scientific activity is seen through Tyrell, a scientist, who is the creator of all replicant things i. e. humans and animals. â€Å"Commerce is our goal here and our motto is more human than human†, this quote was said by Tyrell and reflects on Tyrell’s attitude towards life. He takes the role of God, creating life trying to make the replicants smarter and stronger than real humans, feeling as though he is dominant over everyone else in the world. This is shown through upwards tilt of the camera on Tyrell’s building, making him appear larger and above everybody else. Victor Frankenstein does not truly contemplate of foresee the consequences of his scientific quest to create life, nor does he take the moral responsibility for his creation afterwards. Victor continually justifies why he refuses to take responsibility for his creation, which is solely because he doesn’t want to incriminate himself and be punished, although he stated â€Å" a new species would bless me as its create and source; many happy and excellent natures would owe their being to me. This shows Victor’s lack of morality and reveals his ego through the use of unreliable narrator. Scott’s film raises concerns of scientific advancements and its lack of morality and responsibility for those it affects. Blade Runner represents its values through ambiguity. Blade Runner leaves it up to the viewer’s own judgement of morality and responsibility within the film. An example of this is through the use of cinematography in the scene where Deckard ‘retiresà ¢â‚¬â„¢ Zhora. Passersby walk past without showing any concern or emotion to what has happened. The lack of morality and responsibility arouses deep emotions of anger and dislike. Scott is not as assertive in representing his values as Shelley is. Through the use of camera shots, cinematography and irony he easily represents his values but through the use of ambiguity he leaves things for interpretation from the viewers. Due to the ambiguity present in Blade Runner, some viewers may be unable to identify the values that are present, so therefore the values stated in Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein are better represented.

Athenian Democracy and Meritocracy

Athenian Democracy and Meritocracy To what extent did the Athenian democracy live up to its ideology of being a meritocracy, and to what extent was power still in the hands of the wealthy? Athenian democracy was an evolving process in the 5th century B.C. The concentration of power in the political establishment would change considerably from when the first seeds were planted until the voting citizenship was expanded and new leaders emerged towards the end of the century. Democracy was not instituted in the name of human rights but for pragmatic purposes and it is necessary that we look at it in this light when considering whether Athens was a meritocracy and whether the wealthy still held considerable power in Democratic Athens. It is certainly true that Athenian Democracy, like all systems, on paper differed considerably to how it was implemented. In this essay I will argue that Athenian Democracy was largely successful in implementing a state democracy in which, to a large extent, there were no obvious discrepancies over who was favoured in matters of society and the state. I will show that the Athenian constitution largely kept the city as a meritocracy, making its citizens equal before the state in matters of legality and political power. However, I will also consider the limitations of Athenian Democracy and to what extent certain functions may have limited its success. I will argue that the power of the wealthy was in most respects limited by the structure of the state but was held back to some extent by the inevitable advantages that come from wealth. I will mainly be arguing that whatever limitations there were, they were not enough to have a damaging effect on democracy as a whole. The Athenian Democracy allowed that only adult males of Athenian ancestry were part of the democratic system, which overall made up around 10-20% of the demos. Slaves, freed slaves, children, women and metics (foreigners in Athens) were excluded. It is obvious from this that to label Athens as a meritocracy in the modern sense is absurd. In this essay, I will consider Athens as a meritocracy in terms of the rights and opportunities of those who are citizens, not from those who aren’t and will therefore consider to what extent Athenian Democracy worked the way it was supposed to. The wealthy did not hold power to the extent that it harmed the democratic process. The wealthy certainly did have many advantages compared to the poor, but this is not necessarily any comment upon Athenian democracy simply an inevitability that those with wealth will be able to achieve more than those without. The wealthy had power but not to an extent that was greatly damaging to the state. When defining wealth, I will consider Aristotle’s definition as including money, land, real estate, furniture, livestock and a high quality and quantity of slaves (Rhet. 1361a12-16). There was most definitely a significant wealth inequality amongst Athens’s citizens whereby the leisure class (those who didn’t need to work as a result of family fortunes, nobility etc.) made up roughly 5-10% of the populace. This class barrier was certainly realised by the lower classes who often showed their resentment at the wealthy. However despite this inequality, they did not see this as particularly affecting when it came down to the political and legal powers of the people, as this inequality was grudgingly accepted. Wealth discrepancies were not seen as unjust as potential legal or political barriers that may have affected the citizens. (see Ober ch.5) Politically, wealth as a tool was restricted as a result of the various stipulations in the constitution. There was no longer any property qualification for the academy or for voting and the holding of political offices as well as juries received payment for these services, meaning that the democratic or legal process was not hinged on the use of wealth to buy political office or to serve as part of the legal jurisdiction. The constitution minimised any overt legal or political control by the wealthy, who still had economic power but this fact is only to be expected in a society such as Athens which thrived on the control of goods and services. This idea of the accepted separation of wealth inequality with legal and political affairs can be seen with the orator Demosthenes: â€Å"The rich have great wealth which no one keeps them from enjoying though they must not keep us from enjoying the security which is our most common possession – the laws† (Demosthenes, Against Meidias, (22.25-27)) Therefore, the wealth inequality was not viewed by the people as un-democratic or damaging to their political power and rights (Ober 199.) The wealth even often had a positive effect on the democratic process, benefiting even the poor. The various taxes imposed on the rich (liturgies, war taxes and fines given out by the courts) was often redistributed in a way that greatly benefitted the poorer in society, such as state projects, the upkeep of the city, the academy and also security from outside threats. Therefore, often the wealthy had a positive effect on both the city and the poor, with their money often acting as subsidies for the less wealthy instead of them exploiting the poor for their own benefit. (Ober 202) However, it is true that there were indeed many situations in which the wealth were able to use their money as leverages and to exert a certain amount of power over the lower classes. In legal matters, the wealthier would often get less punitive punishments for certain crimes such as theft. The wealthy could also dominate proceeding through the use of bribes – they could use money to buy silence from witnesses or make them lie, they could also try and bribe prosecutors and use their wealth to buy support from the crowd. Also, the dependence of the state on the money received from the rich could have damaging effects. The wealthy may try and hide their wealth from the state or even refuse to pay certain taxes that are voluntary. It is also true that the allegiance of the wealthy to the Athenian state was not as solid as the poorer citizens as they were less dependent on the state structure which was very beneficial towards the poor. These actions of the rich could potentially have very negative outcomes in situations where the state were in need of the wealth of the rich. Finally, in times of war the rich certainly had an easier time, whereby the rich could use their money in order to buy positions as horsemen which were less involved in the fighting than the frontline soldiers who were often composed of those soldiers who could not afford as expensive equipment as those less wealthy. The wealthy were limited in the power they could hold. While they held economic power, this did not have much of an impact upon the legal and political rights of Athenian citizens as economic inequality was not seen as having as important a role in democracy as other egalitarian principles – they was accepted. The occurrences of violations of democracy by the rich does not show the weakness of the state as a whole only the weaknesses of individuals in certain instances and the inevitability of those with wealth having certain advantages over others – these should not be seen as any substantial drawback to the ideals of meritocracy in the Athenian state. The Athenian Constitution largely justifies describing Athens as a meritocracy. It allowed for legal and political rights to become universal for all Athenian citizens where each man was considered justly under the eyes of the polis. Athenian Democracy was not perfect. Like all systems there were areas which were vulnerable to corruption and which were arguably harmful to a healthy state. There undoubtedly was a selection of the wealthy elite who would often use their wealth for self-aggrandisement rather than supporting the state – but this has to be expected in all societies. On the whole, the Democracy of Athens was largely egalitarian in political and legal matters where those who were citizens were treated with the same eyes. The wealthy in society were, to a large extent, prohibited from using their wealth to defile the workings of the state. The times in which the wealthy were able to exert a certain level of power were inevitable blowbacks to a society where there was a competition for money and a competition for power. The power that the wealthy had and used was not enough to taint a relatively sophisticated political system and where corruptions of that system occurred, personal power-grabbing was often shrouded in popular support and the use of wealth for personal gain was seen as an inevitable circumstance of self-preservation. Bibliography M. I. Finley (1962) ‘Athenian Demagogues’ Past Present 21: 3-24 Ober, J. Mass and Elite in Democratic Athens: rhetoric, ideology, and the power of the people, (Princeton University Press; US; 1989.) Ober, J. ‘Public Speech and the Power of the People in Democratic Athens’ in The Athenian Revolution. Essays on Ancient Greek democracy and political theory, (Princeton University Press; US; 1996) Raaflaub, K.A. ‘Equalities and Inequalities in Athenian Democracy’ in Ober, J. and Hedrick, C. (eds.) Demokratia. A conversation on Democracies, ancient and modern, (Princeton University Press; US; 1996) Hansen, M. H. ‘The Political Leaders’ in The Athenian Democracy in the Age of Demosthenes (Blackwell; UK; 1991) Davies, J.K. Wealth and the Power of Wealth in Classical Athens, (Ayer Co; New York; 1981.) Sinclair, R.K. Democracy and Participation in Athens, (Cambridge University Press; Cambridge; 1988.) Aristotle – The Art of Rhetoric (Penguin; UK; 1991) Demosthenes – Political Speeches (Oxford University Press; London; 2014)

Kurt Donald Cobain Essay -- essays research papers

My favorite artist is Kurt Cobain. He was born February 20, 1967 & died April 5, 1994 at the age of 27. He was the vocalist/guitarist for the famous Grunge Rock band named â€Å"Nirvana†. Which was formed in 1986. Nirvana was composed of two other people who were really close friends of Kurt. This was the beginning of Kurt’s prosperous career. But for him that was the beginning of a painful and stressful life Kurt’s education level wasn’t high. He dropped out of High School at the age of 17. Being a senior he only had two more months left to graduate but that was the choice he made. Since he had been playing & composing music since the age of 13. He chose his music career over his education . Since he really didn’t care about his future ,since he already knew that he wasn’t going to ... Kurt Donald Cobain Essay -- essays research papers My favorite artist is Kurt Cobain. He was born February 20, 1967 & died April 5, 1994 at the age of 27. He was the vocalist/guitarist for the famous Grunge Rock band named â€Å"Nirvana†. Which was formed in 1986. Nirvana was composed of two other people who were really close friends of Kurt. This was the beginning of Kurt’s prosperous career. But for him that was the beginning of a painful and stressful life Kurt’s education level wasn’t high. He dropped out of High School at the age of 17. Being a senior he only had two more months left to graduate but that was the choice he made. Since he had been playing & composing music since the age of 13. He chose his music career over his education . Since he really didn’t care about his future ,since he already knew that he wasn’t going to ...

Cyberspace :: essays papers

Cyberspace Computers and Cyberspace When does reality end and cyberspace begin? Can crimes committed in cyberspace be punished in reality? Can a â€Å"cyber relationship† have the same rules as a relationship in reality? Basically, is cyberspace part of regular life or is it a world created by us with ever changing and moving norms? Often, people make comment that they become so focused on something and it becomes a part of their life, an extension of them. I feel the same can be said of cyberspace. Reality is what you make it, and that can also include the universe that you see on the computer screen. The cyber world is a society just like the outside world we live in is a society. With increasing ways to access this world, the two worlds are now beginning to overlap and some would even say collide. Some have become so enwrapped in this separate existence with instant messenger, e-mail, chat rooms, and message boards, the internet has seemingly replaced get-togethers, night clubs, bars, and meetings as the number one social gathering place. More people are wired to this world than you will ever meet in a club, so why leave home, this is the best way to meet people. However, it is unfortunate that this also involves taking you away from the reality that is around you right now. Many ignore priorities such as family, friends, and even work to be a part of cyberspace. It has almost become a form of addiction for some. Should crimes committed in cyberspace be grounds for punishment here in the real outside world? Well, I think it depends on the level of crime. If you should threaten someone online, you should receive a ban from that location, but not be arrested. If you should continue that activity, then it will be assessed then, but for first time offenders, a strict warning or ban is harsh enough. The thought of losing out on that experience ever again is enough to stop most. More serious and special case offenders such as pedophiles who are putting kiddie porn on the internet or trying to lure children in chat rooms, should be prosecuted to the same extent as those we find in normal society. The same can be said for online embezzlers and hackers, it is no different to break into a company’s front door than it is to steal from them online.