War of 1812 Essay -- essays research papers

March 27 -- Congress authorizes construction of six frigates to help protect American merchant fleets from attacks by the Algerian pirates and harassment by British and French forces. They are to be designed by Joshua Humphreys and Josiah Fox and built at six different sites. The contract for one of those ships, to be named CONSTITUTION, is given to Edmond Hartt's Shipyard in Boston. Back to Historical Events List 1794-1797: CONSTITUTION is under construction. Built in Boston to defend the young American nation, currently CONSTITUTION is nearly as old as the document for which George Washington named her. Both the document and the ship have proven to be resilient symbols of America's strength, courage, and liberty. CONSTITUTION was designed to be powerful enough to defeat any enemy about the same size and fast enough to out sail a stronger opponent. CONSTITUTION was built by Colonel George Claghorn at Edmond Hartt's shipyard in Boston. Made from more than 1,500 trees, with timbers felled from Maine to Georgia and armed with cannons cast in Rhode Island and copper fastenings provided by Paul Revere, the vessel is truly a national ship. Launched in Boston on October 21, 1797, she first put to sea in 1798. Having remained a part of the U.S. Navy since that day, CONSTITUTION is the oldest commissioned warship afloat in the world. Back to Historical Events List 1797: Oct. 21 -- CONSTITUTION is launched and christened by Capt. James Sever. It was the third attempt to launch her. The first, a month earlier, failed when the ship moved only 25 feet down the ship ways. Two days later she was moved an additional 30 feet. Workers had to make the ways steeper before the launch could be completed. The public was warned beforehand that the launch might cause a dangerously large wave, but none materialized. 1798: March 27 -- Congress votes to fit her out for sea. 1798: July 22 -- First put to sea and commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson. 1798-1801: Cruising in West Indies protecting U.S. shipping from French privateers, CONSTITUTION is not engaged in any battles. 1802-1803: Laid up in Boston, MA. 1803-1806: President Thomas Jefferson sent her to the Mediterranean as part of the second Mediterranean Squadron to protect American ships and seamen from attack by the Barbary pirates. With Captain Edward Preble in command, CONSTITUTION and other ships of the squadron bom... ...: July 21-- CONSTITUTION sails for the first time in 116 years. The sail was conducted just outside Boston Harbor under the command of Commander Michael C. Beck. The sail complement was six. October 21 -- CONSTITUTION celebrates her Bicentennial. The crewmembers parade from CONSTITUTION's 'birthplace' (Coast Guard Integrated Support Command) to the Old South Meeting House. 1998: . July 21 - 23 -- Naval vessels and tall ships from around the world come to Boston Harbor and honor CONSTITUTION during her bicentennial. The Deputy Secretary of Defense breaks his flag in "Old Ironsides" and returns the salute from visiting warships. The ship receives a blessing, and a wreath is laid at the grave site of CONSTITUTION's first commanding officer, Samuel Nicholson, at Old North Church. 2000: . On 11 July, CONSTITUTION leads a "Parade of Sail" of over 120 tall ships into Boston Harbor with four sails set as part of SAIL BOSTON 2000. CONSTITUTION and the USS CONSTITUTION Museum launch a collaborative educational outreach program entitled, "Old Ironsides Across the Nation," to bring the Constitution story to citizens throughout the Nation over the next six

Middle Woodland

The communities in the Middle Woodland Period possess creative beginnings, essential factors of which are native people, a history of domination and existing and widened transferring of the population from various places and societies. This has led in one of the most varied and differentiated communities in the globe, with almost a thousand ethnic societies (Applegate, 2005). Every one of these ethnic communities has its own definitive traits and characteristics and as a consequence of history, territorial variances and inner and outer migration of people, including differences associated to essential elements such as status, sex and territorial setting. The concept of settlement and subsistence based on the Middle Woodland Period includes diversity, involving the emergence of a powerful existence of aborigines and profiles. This illustrates meaningful topics for the Middle Woodland Period communities: the implications of being a member of a community; the interaction between local and individual profiles; establishing and employing in both the connecting and dividing elements in a community with various ethnicities; and the type and scenario of an incoming leadership and governance system (Fortier, 2001). Under the Middle Woodland Period, community is connected to human ecology with regard to the organizations, mechanisms for survival, and the way of thinking of the people, motives and quality of life. It tops the complicated box of concepts which portrays daily happenings in life and attitudes–the comprehensions and assumptions which leads the people’s initiatives and communications with other members of the community. The Swift Creek community existed during the periods of 1-400 CE, while the Santa Rosa society in Western Florida existed during the periods from 150-500 CE. The start of the Middle Woodland indicated a change of settlement to the Interior. As the Middle Woodland era went on, domestic and foreign exchange of exotic products tremendously improved to the point where a trade mechanism became existent on the Chesapeake Bay. Amongst the Southern and northern parts of the Chesapeake Bay, burial areas of significant people were very evident and possessed various presents, most of which were not recognizable to the people (Ritzenthaler, 1991). The most evident archaeological site in the place of burial sites during this period was in the Chesapeake Bay, and is now pertained to as the Hopewell culture. Due to the likeness of works and burial gifts, experts predict a traditional norm of religious beliefs and customs and cultural communication that was present throughout the entire territory (also pertained to as a Hopewell Communication Sphere). However, this could also be seen as the consequence of the fair exchange of goods and/or responsibilities between local families that managed particular regions. Access to food or other basic needs external to a family's region would be done through special agreements with other people. Family leaders would then be laid to rest along with presents obtained from their business partners to represent the interactions they had formed. Under this situation, permanent communities would obviously be established, leading to improved agricultural gains and an increase in the density of people as well (Wittry, 1994). Although majority of the Middle Woodland customs and beliefs are pertained to as â€Å"Hopewellian,† and in spite of the shared ceremonial customs and beliefs, independent beliefs and customs have been established during the Middle Woodland era. These involve the Swift Creek and the Copena beliefs and customs. References Applegate, D, 2005. Woodland Period Systematics in the Middle Ohio Valley.   University Alabama Press Fortier, A, 2001. The Dash Reeves Site: A Middle Woodland Village and Lithic Production Center in the American Bottom.   Illinois Transportation Ritzenthaler, R, 1991. The Woodland Indians of the Western Great Lakes. Waveland Press Wittry, W, 1994. The Holdener Site: Late Woodland, Emergent Mississippian, and Mississippian Occupations in the American Bottom Uplands (11-S-685). Illinois Transportation

The Second Amendment Of United States Constitution

Introduction The second amendment of United States constitution said â€Å"A well-regulated militia, being necessary to the security of a free state, the right of the people to keep and bear arms, shall not be infringed†. This amendment was embraced on December 15, 1791, taking in consideration that American citizens have a natural right to self-defense and they can help to accomplish the following purposes: Permitting the people to organize a militia system Contributing in law enforcement Deterring tyrannical government Repelling invasion Suppressing insurrection, allegedly including slave revolts Nowadays it is not necessary that us citizens pursuit these purposes because some of them are obsolete, the militia disappear long time ago and there are governmental organizations and departments which are in charge to accomplish the available purposes and guaranty the security of us citizens. Navy, Army and FBI lookout for the national security and Police and Firemen departments keep vigil for the local security. Although some people believe that inhabitants firearms ownership assurance security, national and international statistic demonstrate an opposite effect. United States, which has more arms per capita than any other country, displays the highest rate of firearm homicides and suicides among of the developed nations. Louisiana State, which has the most permissible weapon laws, show the highest rate of gun murders and suicides in U. S.; and the lowest rate is in CaliforniaShow MoreRelatedThe Second Amendment Of The United States Constitution1774 Words   |  8 Pagesfamily. It is not the duty of the federal government to dictate what a citizen chooses to legally defend themselves with. The second amendment of the United States Constitution was ratified on the 15 of December, 1791 and was drafted by future president James Madison. The text of the second amendment reads â€Å"A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed.† There has been much debate in our country regardingRead MoreEssay on The Right to Bear Arms a Constitutional Conflict 1666 Words   |  7 Pagesleading to an upsurge of revolutionary sentiment† (Henderson 88). This revolutionary conflict between Britain and America is what triggered the American War of Independence. It also influenced the creation of various constitutions and bills of rights, â€Å"under the new government the states would continue to be sovereign in most internal matters while the new national government would be supreme in areas such as foreign affairs† (Cornell 42). Although America gained its independence, its main concernRead MoreAmendments should Not Be Amended1010 Words   |  4 PagesAmendments should not be amended Many individuals are under the impression that the number of student death rates at schools, due to guns, is out of control. The citizens of the United States tremble in fear from every single shooting that occurs at schools, and pretend that it is a common occurrence. However, the number of deaths at schools from weapons is at an all time low. The people are given the right to own a weapon because that is what the Framers of the constitution intended in the visionRead MoreThe Second Amendment Of The United States1367 Words   |  6 Pagesinterpreting the Second Amendment date back to the turn of the twentieth century because so many viewpoints and regulations have accumulated; it is all in the manner of which interpretation citizens subscribe to- loose verses strict interpretation. Due to the controversies, certain gun regulations have been enacted and fears have risen because of this. In the Second Amendment of the Constitution of the United States, it states, â€Å"A well regulated militia, being necessary to the security of a free state, theRead MoreBenefits of the Second Amendment Essay850 Words   |  4 Pagesindependence from Great Britain, the United States became its own nation, a nation of choice and rights, a nation of voice and strong opinion, a nation with freedom handed to humans by God. The birth of this glorious new state brought forth a new era of revolution throughout the world. Countries took America’s victory to heart, overthrowing their monarchial governments and establishing governments run by popular sovereignty. The existence of the United States, perhaps, led to the global fight forRead MoreEssay about Americans Have the Right to Keep and Bear Arms1556 Words   |  7 Pageswhen the Constitution of the United States was drawn up by the delegates at the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia. Three years later, a very important part of American history called the Bill of Rights was added. The Bill of Rights is looked upon and interpreted every day. It gives the citizens of the United States many of the rights and freedoms that we value today, and some of those are in jeopardy. One right that is at stake is our right to bear arms, which is addressed in the Second AmendmentRead MoreSecond Amendment Essay837 Words   |  4 PagesOne of the most highly debated amendments of the United States Constitution is the Second Amendment. The Second Amendment has been disputed for hundreds of years on exactly of its exact true meaning. The United States Constitution wrote the Second Amendment as â€Å"A well regulated militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear arms, shall not be infringed. The argument that has lasted for centuries begins with the first part â€Å"A well regulated militia†Read MoreThe Rights Of A Free State1118 Words   |  5 PagesAmerican Lit 2 December 2014 Amendment II â€Å"A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed.† The Right to Bear Arms According to the Second Amendment, in the Bill of Rights, the rights of the people to keep and bear arms have been enacted since December 15th, 1791. Across the 223 years this amendment has been around, there has been an abundance of history behind the Second Amendment. Over this time periodRead MoreHow Of The Second Amendment1271 Words   |  6 PagesHow to Interpret the Second Amendment The Constitution was signed on September 17, 1789. The federalists declared that the Constitution granted the new government limited powers. Anti-federalists, such as George Mason, sought after a stronger confirmation from the federal government that certain rights would not be encroached upon. After just recently breaking away from Great Britain, it is understandable that the Founding Fathers feared the rise of another domineering government. Mason wroteRead MoreThe Issue Of The Second Amendment1704 Words   |  7 PagesThe Second Amendment is one of the most controversial amendments in today’s society. There are commonly two sides that fight with each other over the definition of this amendment. The pro-gun, or what is commonly referred to as â€Å"gun nuts†, have the firm belief that the American people have the right to not only carry a gun, but to carry any type of gun that they want, while anti-gun groups want to get rid of the right to carry a gun all toget her unless that person is a soldier or police officer.